Publications of Dr. William Federspiel
- Orizondo RA, Omecinski KS, May AG, Dhamotharan V, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Ye SH, Kocyildirim E, Sanchez PG, D’Cunha J, Wagner WR, Federspiel WJ. Month-long Respiratory Support by a Wearable Pumping Artificial Lung in an Ovine Model. Transplantation. 2021 May 1;105(5):999-1007.
- May AG, Omecinski KS, Frankowski BJ, Federspiel WJ. Effect of Hematocrit on the CO2 Removal Rate of Artificial Lungs. ASAIO J. 2020 Nov/Dec;66(10):1161-1165.
- May AG, Orizondo RA, Frankowski BJ, Ye SH, Kocyildirim E, Wagner WR, D’Cunha J, Federspiel WJ. In vivo testing of the low-flow CO2 removal application of a compact, platform respiratory device. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2020 Aug 17;8(1):45.
- Cove ME, Vu LH, Ring T, Federspiel WJ, Kellum JA. Respiratory Dialysis-A Novel Low Bicarbonate Dialysate to Provide Extracorporeal CO2 Removal. Crit Care Med. 2020 Jul;48(7):e592-e598.
- Madhani SP, May AG, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Federspiel WJ. Blood Recirculation Enhances Oxygenation Efficiency of Artificial Lungs. ASAIO Journal. 2020 May;66(5):565-570.
- May AG, Omecinski KS, Frankowski BJ, Federspiel WJ. Effect of Hematocrit on the CO2 Removal Rate of Artificial Lungs. ASAIO Journal. 2020 Mar 3. Online ahead of print.
- May AG, Orizondo RA, Frankowski BJ, Wearden PD, Federspiel WJ. Acute In Vivo Evaluation of the Pittsburgh Pediatric Ambulatory Lung. ASAIO Journal. 2019 May/Jun;65(4):395-400.
- Vu LH, Kellum JA, Federspiel WJ, Cove ME. Carbon dioxide removal using low bicarbonate dialysis in rodents. Perfusion. 2019 Apr 2:267659119839284. [Epub ahead of print]
- Madhani SP, Frankowski BJ, Ye SH, Burgreen GW, Wagner WR, Kormos R, D’Cunha J, Federspiel WJ. In Vivo 5 Day Animal Studies of a Compact, Wearable Pumping Artificial Lung. ASAIO Journal. 2019 Jan;65(1):94-100.
- Orizondo RA, May AG, Madhani SP, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Wearden PD, Federspiel WJ. In Vitro Characterization of the Pittsburgh Pediatric Ambulatory Lung. ASAIO Journal. 2018 Nov/Dec;64(6):806-811.
- Malkin AD, Ye SH, Lee EJ, Yang X, Zhu Y, Gamble LJ, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR. Development of zwitterionic sulfobetaine block copolymer conjugation strategies for reduced platelet deposition in respiratory assist devices. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials. 2018 Oct;106(7):2681-2692. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
- May AG, Jeffries RG, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Federspiel WJ. Bench Validation of a Compact Low-Flow CO2 Removal Device. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. 2018 Sep 24;6(1):34.
- Harter TS, May AG, Federspiel WJ, Supuran CT, Brauner CJ. Time course of red blood cell intracellular pH recovery following short-circuiting in relation to venous transit times in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. American Journal of Physiology. Regululatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2018 Aug 1;315(2):R397-R407. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
- Orizondo RA, Gino G, Sultzbach G, Madhani SP, Frankowski BJ, Federspiel WJ. Effects of Hollow Fiber Membrane Oscillation on an Artificial Lung. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2018 May;46(5):762-771. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
- May AG, Sen A, Cove ME, Kellum JA, Federspiel WJ. Extracorporeal CO2 removal by hemodialysis: in vitro model and feasibility. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2017 Dec;5(1):20. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
- Madhani SP, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Antaki JF, Kormos R, D’Cunha J, Federspiel WJ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel integrated wearable artificial lung. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017 Mar 4. pii: S1053-2498(17)31676-5. [Epub ahead of print]
- Madhani SP, Frankowski BJ, Federspiel WJ. Fiber bundle design for an integrated wearable artificial lung. ASAIO J. 2017 Feb 7. [Epub ahead of print]
- Madhani SP, D’Aloiso BD, Frankowski B, Federspiel WJ. Darcy Permeability of Hollow Fiber Membrane Bundles Made from Membrana Polymethylpentene Fibers Used in Respiratory Assist Devices. ASAIO J. 2016 May-Jun;62(3):329-31.
- Malkin AD, Sheehan RP, Mathew S, Federspiel WJ, Redl H, Clermont G. A Neutrophil Phenotype Model for Extracorporeal Treatment of Sepsis. PLoS Comput Biol. 2015 Oct 15;11(10):e1004314. eCollection 2015 Oct.
- Arazawa DT, Kimmel JD, Finn MC, Federspiel WJ. Acidic sweep gas with carbonic anhydrase coated hollow fiber membranes synergistically accelerates CO2 removal from blood. Acta Biomater. 2015 Oct;25:143-9. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
- Arazawa DT, Kimmel JD, Federspiel WJ. Kinetics of CO2 exchange with carbonic anhydrase immobilized on fiber membranes in artificial lungs. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2015 Jun;26(6):193. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
- Cove ME, Federspiel WJ. Veno-venous extracorporeal CO2 removal for the treatment of severe respiratory acidosis. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 17;19:176.
- Ye SH, Arazawa DT, Zhu Y, Shankarraman V, Malkin AD, Kimmel JD, Gamble LJ, Ishihara K, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR. Hollow fiber membrane modification with functional zwitterionic macromolecules for improved thromboresistance in artificial lungs. Langmuir. 2015 Mar 3;31(8):2463-71. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
- Zhang J, Peng Z, Maberry D, Volpe J, Kimmel JD, Federspiel WJ, Kellum JA. Effects of hemoadsorption with a novel adsorbent on sepsis: in vivo and in vitro study. Blood Purif. 2015;39(1-3):239-45. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
- Jeffries RG, Frankowski BJ, Burgreen GW, Federspiel WJ. Effect of impeller design and spacing on gas exchange in a percutaneous respiratory assist catheter. Artif Organs. 2014 Dec;38(12):1007-17. Epub 2014 Apr 22.
- Kimmel JD, Arazawa DT, Ye SH, Shankarraman V, Wagner WR, Federspiel WJ. Carbonic anhydrase immobilized on hollow fiber membranes using glutaraldehyde activated chitosan for artificial lung applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013 Nov;24(11):2611-21. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
- Lund LW, Federspiel WJ. Removing extra CO2 in COPD patients. Curr Respir Care Rep. 2013 Jun 28;2:131-138. Print 2013.
- Namas RA, Namas R, Lagoa C, Barclay D, Mi Q, Zamora R, Peng Z, Wen X, Fedorchak MV, Valenti IE, Federspiel WJ, Kellum JA, Vodovotz Y. Hemoadsorption reprograms inflammation in experimental gram-negative septic peritonitis: insights from in vivo and in silico studies. Mol Med. 2012 Dec 20;18:1366-74.
- Alikhani A, Federspiel WJ. Selective capture of anti-A antibodies from human blood using a novel integrated bead and hollow fiber module. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012 Nov;100(8):2114-21. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.32776. Epub 2012 Sep 15.
- Valenti I, Federspiel WJ. On Laminar Flow in Microfabricated Channels with Partial Semi-Circular Profiles. Open J of Appl Sci. (2): 28-34, 2012.
- Arazawa D, Oh H, Ye SH, Johnson C, Woolley J, WR, Federspiel WJ, Immobilized Carbonic Anhydrase on Hollow Fiber Membranes Accelerates CO2 Removal from Blood. J of Membrane Sci. 2012 Jun 1;404-404:25-31. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
- Peng ZY, Wang HZ, Carter MJ, Dileo MV, Bishop JV, Zhou FH, Wen XY, Rimmelé T, Singbartl K, Federspiel WJ, Clermont G, Kellum JA. Acute removal of common sepsis mediators does not explain the effects of extracorporeal blood purification in experimental sepsis. Kidney Intl. Feb; 81(4):363-9, 2012. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
- Hogg J, Knab T, Rimmele T, Fedorchak M, Valenti I, Federspiel WJ, Kellum JK, Clermont G, Parker R. Modeling and Treatment of Acute Inflammation, Part II: Model-based Control of Blood Purification. J of Process Control. April 17th, 2011.
- Kimmel JD, Harbert EM, Parker RS, Federspiel WJ. Modeling competitive cytokine adsorption dynamics within hemoadsorption beads used to treat sepsis. J of Chromotography, A. 2011 Nov 4;1218(44):8013-20. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
- Pacella HE, Eash HJ, Federspiel WJ. Darcy Permeability of Hollow Fiber Bundles Used in Blood Oxygenation Devices. J of Membrane Sci 2011 Oct 15;382(1-2):238-242.
- Kimmel J, Federspiel WJ, Lacko C. Characterizing Accelerated Capture of Deoligomerized TNF within Hemoadsorption Beads Used to Treat Sepsis. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B. 98(1):47-53, 2011.
- Batchinsky A, Jordan B, Regn D, Necsoiu C, Federspiel WJ, Morris M, MD, Cancio L. Respiratory Dialysis: Reduction in Dependence on Mechanical Ventilation by Veno-venous Extracorporeal CO2 Removal. Crit Care Med. 39(6), 2011.
- Alikhani A. Federspiel WJ. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Anti-A Antibody Capture in Novel Integrated Bead and Hollow Fiber Modules. Ann Biomed Eng. 39(3): 953-63, 2011.
- DiLeo MV, Fisher J, Burton B, Federspiel WJ. Selective improvement of TNF capture in a cytokine hemoadsorption device using immobilized anti-TNF. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 96(1):127-33, 2011.
- Oh HI, Ye SH, Johnson CA, Woolley JR, Wagner WR, Federspiel WJ. Hemocompatibility Assessment of Carbonic Anhydrase Modified Hollow Fiber Membranes for Artificial Lungs. Artificial Organs. 34 (5): 439-442, 2010.
- Kimmel J, Gibson G, Watking C, Kellum J, Federspiel W. IL-6 Adsorption Dynamics in Hemoadsorption Beads Studied Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Applied Biomaterials. 92B (2): 390-396, 2010.
- Polk AA, Maul TM, McKeel DT, Snyder TA, Lehocky CA, Pitt B, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR. A Biohybrid Artifical Lung Prototype with Active Mixing of Endothelialized Microporous Hollow Fibers. Biotechnol Bioeng. 106(3): 490-500, 2010.
- Gautam S, Korchagina EY, Bovin NV, Federspiel WJ. Specific Antibody Filter (SAF) Binding Capacity Enhancement to Remove Anti-A Antibodies for ABO-Incompatible. Transplantation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 95(2):475-80, 2010.
- Budilarto SG, Frankowski BJ, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. “Flow Visualization Study of a Respiratory Assist Catheter”. Artificial Organs. 33(6): 411-418, 2009.
- Burgess KA, Hu HH, Wagner, WR, Federspiel WJ. Towards Microfabricated Biohybrid Artificial Lung Modules for Chronic Respiratory Support. Biomedical Microdevices, 11:117-127, 2009.
- DiLeo MV, Kellum J, Federspiel WJ. A Simple Mathematical Model of Cytokine Capture Using a Hemoadsorption Device. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 37(1): 222, 2009.
- Rothstein SN, Federspiel, WJ, Little SR. A Unified Mathematical Model for the Prediction of Controlled Release from Surface and Bulk Eroding Polymer Matrices. Biomaterials. 30 (8) 1657-64, 2009.
- Alikhani A, Korchagina E, Bovin N, Federspiel WJ. High Molecular Weight Atrisaccharide-Polyacrylamide Glycoconjugates As Synthetic Blood Group A Antigens For Anti-A Antibody Removal Devices. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 6 July 2009.
- Engelmayr GC Jr, Soletti L, Vigmostad SC, Budilarto SG, Federspiel WJ, Chandran KB, Vorp DA, Sacks MS. A Novel Flex-Stretch-Flow Bioreactor for the Study of Engineered Heart Valve Tissue Mechanobiology. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 36(5): 700-712, 2008.
- Svitek RG, Federspiel WJ. A mathematical model to predict CO2 removal in hollow fiber membrane oxygenators. Ann. Biomed Eng. 36(6):992-1003, 2008.
- Rothstein SN, Federspiel, WJ, Little SR. A Simple model framework for the prediction of controlled release from bulk eroding polymer matrices. J. Mater. Chem. 18: 1873-1880, 2008
- Gautam S, Korchagina EY, Bovin NV, Federspiel WJ. Monoclonal Anti-A Antibody Removal by Synthetic A Antigen Immobilized on Specific Antibody Filters. Biotech. Bioeng. 99(4): 876-883, 2008.
- Eash HJ, Mihelc KM, Frankowski BJ, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Evaluation of fiber bundle rotation for enhancing gas exchange in a respiratory assist catheter. ASAIO J. 53(3): 368-373. 2007.
- Federspiel WJ. Basic transport phenomena in biomedical engineering: a review. ASAIO J. 53(3): e7. 2007.
- Kaar JL, Oh HI, Russell AJ, Federspiel WJ. Towards improved artificial lungs through biocatlysis. Biomaterials 28: 3131-3139. 2007.
- Solovan JC, Oh HI, Alikhani A, Gautam S, Vlasova K, Korchagina EY, Bovin NV, Federspiel WJ. Synthetic blood groups antigens for anti-A removal device and their interaction with monoclonal anti-A IgM. Transplantation Immunology 16: 245-249, 2006.
- Snyder TA, Eash HJ, Litwak KN, Frankowski BJ, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ, Wagner WR. Blood biocompatibility assessment of an intravenous gas exchange device. Artif Organs. 30(9): 657-664, 2006.
- Eash HJ, Budilarto SG, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Investigating the effects of random balloon pulsation on gas exchange in a respiratory assist catheter. ASAIO J. 52: 192-195, 2006.
- Svitek RG, Frankowski BJ, Federspiel WJ: Evaluation of a pumping assist lung that uses a rotating fiber bundle. ASAIO J. 51: 773-780, 2005.
- Budilarto SG, Eash HJ, Frankowski BJ, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Flow visualization study of a pulsating respiratory support catheter. ASAIO J. 51: 673-680, 2005.
- Eash HJ, Frankowski BJ, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Evaluation of local gas exchange in a pulsating respiratory support catheter. ASAIO J. 51:152-157, 2005.
- Kanick SC, Doyle WJ, Ghadiali SN, Federspiel WJ. Differences between two methods of measuring diffusions length in the predicted oxygen diffusing capacity of the middle ear mucosa. J. Appl. Physiol. 98: 114- 119, 2005.
- Nolan TDC, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Development of a balloon volume sensor for pulsating balloon catheters. ASAIO J. 50:225-233. 2004.
- Eash HJ, Jones HM, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Evaluation of plasma resistant hollow fiber membranes for artificial lungs. ASAIO J. 50:491- 497. 2004.
- Federspiel WJ, Henchir KA. Artificial lungs: basic principles and current applications. In Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Wnek GE, Bowlin GL, Eds. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 910-921, 2004.
- Federspiel WJ, Svitek RG. Artificial lungs: current research and future directions. In Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; Wnek GE, Bowlin GL, Eds. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 922-931, 2004.
- Hout MS, Federspiel WJ. Mathematical and experimental analyses of antibody transport in hollow fiber-based specific antibody filters. Biotech. Prog. 19: 1553-1561, 2003.
- Eash HJ, Frankowski BJ, Litwak K, Wagner WR, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Acute in-vivo testing of a respiratory support catheter: Implants in calves versus sheep. ASAIO J. 49: 370-377, 2003.
- Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. The artificial lung. In Lung Transplantation; Banner NR, Polak JM, Yacoub M, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 386-398, 2003.
- Lund LW, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. A comparative in vitro hemolysis study of a pulsating intravenous artificial lung. ASAIO J. 48 (6): 631-635, 2002.
- Drevon GF, Danielmeier K, Federspiel W, Stolz DB, Wicks DA, Yu PC, Russell AJ. High activity enzyme-polyurethane coatings. Biotech. Bioeng. 79 (7): 785-794 2002.
- Ghadiali SN, Swarts JD, Federspiel WJ. Model-based evaluation of Eustachian tube mechanical properties using continuous presssure-flow rate data. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 30: 1064-1067, 2002.
- Hattler BG, Lund LW, Golob J, Russian H, Lann MF, Merrill TL, Frankowski B, Federspiel WJ. A respiratory gas exchange catheter: in vitro and in vivo tests in large animals. J. of Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.: 124(3): 520-30, 2002.
- Lai J, Gouldstone A, Butler JP, Federspiel WJ, Loring SH. Relative motion of lung and chest wall promotes uniform pleural space thickness. Resp. Physiol & Neurobiology 131: 233-243, 2002.
- Garcia MY, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Effect of vessel compliance on the in-vitro performance of a pulsating respiratory support catheter. J. Biomech. Eng.: 124(2): 56-62, 2002.
- Lund LW, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Gas permeance measurement of hollow fiber membranes in a gas-liquid environment. AIChE J.: 48(3): 635-643, 2002.
- Ghadiali SN, Federspiel WJ, Swarts JD, Doyle WJ. Measurement of the viscoelastic compliance of the Eustachian tube using a modified forced-response test. Auris Nasus Larynx 29:1-5, 2002.
- Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Gas exchange in the venous system: support for the failing lung. In The Artificial Lung ; Vaslef SN, Anderson RW, Eds. Georgetown (TX): Landes Bioscience, pp. 133-174, 2002.
- Golob JF, Federspiel WJ, Merrill TL, Frankowski BJ, Litwak K, Russian H, Hattler BG. Acute in-vivo testing of an intravascular Oxygenator. ASAIO J. 47(5): 432-437, 2001.
- Hout MS, LeJeune KE, Schaack T, Bristow D, Federspiel WJ. Specific removal of anti-A and anti-B antibodies using modified dialysis filters. ASAIO J. 46(6): 702-706, 2000.
- Federspiel WJ, Golob JF, Merrill TL, Lund LW, Bultman JA, Frankowksi BJ, Watach M, Litwak K, Hattler BG. Ex-vivo testing of the intravenous membrane oxygenator (IMO). ASAIO J. 46(3): 261-267, 2000.
- Hout MS, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Validation of a model for flow-dependent carbon dioxide exchange in artificial lungs. Artif. Org.: 24(2): 114-119, 2000.
- Federspiel WJ, Hewitt TJ, Hattler BG. Experimental evaluation of a model for oxygen exchange in a pulsating intravascular artificial lung. Ann. Biomed. Eng.: 28: 160-167, 2000.
- Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Progress with the development of the intravenous membrane oxygenator (IMO). Perfusion 14:311-315, 1999.
- Lund LW, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. Is condensation the cause of plasma leakage in microporous hollow fiber membrane oxygenators. J. Membr. Sci. 147(1): 87-93, 1998
- Vorp DA, Wang DHJ, Webster MW, Federspiel WJ. Effect of intraluminal thrombus thickness and bulge diameter on the oxygen flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm. J. of Biomech. Eng.120(5): 579-583, 1998.
- Hewitt TJ, Hattler BG, Federspiel WJ. A mathematical model of gas exchange in an intravenous membrane oxygenator. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 26(1): 166-178, 1998.
- Federspiel WJ, Hout MS, Hewitt TJ, Lund LW, Heinrich SA, Litwak P, Walters FR, Reeder GD, Borovetz, HS, Hattler BG. Development of a low flow resistance intravenous oxygenator. ASAIO J. 43: M725-M730, 1997.
- Kameneva MV, Borovetz HS, Antaki JF, Federspiel WJ, Kormos RL, Griffith BP. Effect of perfluorochemical emulsion on hemorheology and shear induced blood trauma. Possible mechanisms and future applications. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 411: 383-390, 1997.
- Vorp DA, Wang DHJ, Webster MW, Federspiel WJ. Computational analysis of the oxygen flow in abdominal aortic aneurysm: effect of intraluminal thrombus thickness and aneurysm diameter. ASME Bioengineering Division 35: 73-74, 1997.
- Federspiel WJ, Hewitt T, Hout M, Walters F, Lund L, Sawzik P, Reeder G, Borovetz H, Hattler BG. Recent progress in engineering the Pittsburgh intravenous membrane oxygenator. ASAIO J.: 42: M435-M442, 1996.
- Lund LW, Federspiel WJ, Hattler BG. A novel method for measuring hollow fiber membrane permeability in a gas-liquid system. ASAIO J. 42: M446-M451, 1996.
- Macha M, Federspiel WJ, Lund LW, Sawzik P, Litwak P, Walters F, Reeder G, Borovetz H, Hattler BG. Acute in-vivo studies of the Pittsburgh intravenous membrane oxygenator. ASAIO J. 42: M609-M615, 1996.
- Konishi R, Shimizu R, Firestone L, Wagner WR, Federspiel WJ, Konishi H, Hattler BG. Nitric oxide presents human platelet adhesion on fiber membrane in whole blood. ASAIO J. M850-M853, 1996.
- Federspiel WJ, Hattler BG. Sweep gas flowrate and CO2 exchange in artificial lungs. Artif. Org. 20(9): 1050-1056, 1996.
- Lund LW, Federspiel WJ, Hattler BG. Gas permeability of hollow fiber membranes in a gas-liquid system. J. Membr. Sci. 117: 207-219, 1996.
- Federspiel WJ, Williams JL, Hattler BG. Gas flow dynamics in hollow fiber membranes. AIChE J. 42(7): 2094-2099, 1996.
- Vorp DA, Federspiel WJ, Webster MW. Does laminated intraluminal thrombus within abdominal aortic aneurysm cause anoxia of the aortic wall? J. Vasc. Surg. 23(3): 540-541, 1996.
- Federspiel WJ, Sawzik P, Borovetz H, Reeder GD, Hattler BG. Temporary support of the lungs – the artificial lung. In The Transplantation and Replacement of Thoracic Organs. Cooper DKC, Miller LW, Patterson GA, Eds. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
- Vu LH, Kellum JA, Federspiel WJ, Cove ME. Carbon dioxide removal using low bicarbonate dialysis in rodents. Perfusion. 2019 Oct;34(7):578-583. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
- Cove ME, Vu LH, Ring T, May AG, Federspiel WJ, Kellum JA. A Proof of Concept Study, Demonstrating Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal Using Hemodialysis with a Low Bicarbonate Dialysate. ASAIO Journal. 2019 Aug;65(6):605-613.