Regenerative Medicine’s Potential Fountain of Youth

Regenerative Medicine’s Potential Fountain of Youth

The published research findings of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine faculty member Johnny Huard, PhD, professor in the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and director of the Stem Cell Research Center at Pitt and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and affiliated faculty member Paul Robbins, PhD, professor of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, affirmed that mice bred to age too quickly seemed to have sipped from the fountain of youth. This occurred after the team of scientists at Pitt’s School of Medicine injected them with stem cell-like progenitor cells derived from the muscle of young, healthy animals. Instead of becoming infirm and dying early as untreated mice did, animals that got the stem/progenitor cells improved their health and lived two to three times longer than expected.

Dr. Huard, a senior investigator on the study, said he and his team were amazed with the results.

“We were mind boggled with this,” Dr. Huard told CTV News. “We had mice at 45 days and they looked so good, we thought the lab facility had mixed them up with the healthy mice.”

Previous research has revealed stem cell dysfunction, such as poor replication and differentiation, in a variety of tissues in old age, but it’s not been clear whether that loss of function contributed to the aging process or was a result of it.

“Our experiments showed that mice that have progeria, a disorder of premature aging, were healthier and lived longer after an injection of stem cells from young, healthy animals,” Laura Niedernhofer, MD, PhD, associate professor in Pitt’s Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and also a senior investigator on the study, said. “That tells us that stem cell dysfunction is a cause of the changes we see with aging.”

The team examined a stem/progenitor cell population derived from the muscle of progeria mice and found that compared to those from normal rodents, the cells were fewer in number, did not replicate as often, didn’t differentiate as readily into specialized cells, and were impaired in their ability to regenerate damaged muscle. The same defects were discovered in the stem/progenitor cells isolated from very old mice.

“We wanted to see if we could rescue these rapidly aging animals, so we injected stem/progenitor cells from young, healthy mice into the abdomens of 17-day-old progeria mice,” Dr. Huard said. “Typically the progeria mice die at around 21 to 28 days of age, but the treated animals lived far longer – some even lived beyond 66 days. They also were in better general health.”

As the progeria mice age, they lose muscle mass in their hind limbs, hunch over, tremble, and move slowly and awkwardly. Affected mice that got a shot of stem cells just before showing the first signs of aging were more like normal mice, and they grew almost as large. Closer examination showed new blood vessel growth in the brain and muscle, even though the stem/progenitor cells weren’t detected in those tissues.

In fact, the cells didn’t migrate to any particular tissue after injection into the abdomen.

“This leads us to think that healthy cells secrete factors to create an environment that help correct the dysfunction present in the native stem cell population and aged tissue,” Dr. Niedernhofer said. “In a culture dish experiment, we put young stem cells close to, but not touching, progeria stem cells, and the unhealthy cells functionally improved.”

Animals that age normally were not treated with stem/progenitor cells, but the provocative findings urge further research, she added. They hint that it might be possible one day to forestall the biological declines associated with aging by delivering a shot of youthful vigor, particularly if specific rejuvenating proteins or molecules produced by the stem cells could be identified and isolated.

Co-authors from the University of Pittsburgh include Mitra Lavasani, PhD, Aiping Lu, MD, and Minjung Song, PhD, all of the Stem Cell Research Center and the Department of Orthopaedics; Andria Robinson, of UPCI and Pitt’s Graduate School of Public Health; Joseph M. Feduska and Bahar Ahani of the Stem Cell Research Center; Jeremy S. Tilstra, PhD, and Chelsea H. Feldman of Pitt’s Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics.