Described herein is the finding that activators of CXCR3, such as proteins that bind CXCR3 (e.g., IP-9, IP-10 and PF4), enhance the density of goblet cells in the eye. Goblet cells in the conjunctiva are the primary source of tear mucus. Accordingly, the present disclosure describes methods of treating dry eye syndrome by administering an activator of CXCR3. Also described are methods of increasing goblet cells density, such as goblet cell density in the conjunctiva.